Indonesia already has a policy to promote the downstream palm oil industry. Indeed, prior to 2008, the downstream industry proceeded in a revolutionary manner without support in the form of policy focusing on the downstream palm oil industry. Since 2008, downstream policy has become increasingly focused and intensive, especially to maintain the rapid growth of CPO production.
Generally, there are three strategy paths for boosting the downstream palm oil industry in the country, namely (1) the oleofood downstream line (cooking oil, margarine, specialty fats and other oleofood), (2) the oleochemical downstream line to produce more downstream products such as surfactant, lubricant and others and (3) the biodiesel downstream line to produce fatty acid methyl ester as a substitute for fossil fuel. These various downstream lines are expected to generate more value-added downstream palm oil products.
According to the Indonesian input-output table data, the palm oil industry’s added value has grown from year to year (Figure). Growth of added value occurs in oil palm plantations and in the downstream palm oil industries. It is estimated that the growth of added value will be more rapid and widespread because of the acceleration of downstream palm oil and the ongoing increasing productivity of oil palm plantations.
Indonesia telah memiliki kebijakan hilirisasi industri minyak sawit. Memang sebelum tahun 2008 kebijakan hilirisasi berjalan secara revolusioner tanpa dukungan kebijakan yang fokus pada hilirisasi minyak sawit. Sejak tahun 2008, kebijakan hilirisasi semakin fokus dan intensif terutama untuk menyelamatkan pertumbuhan produksi CPO yang makin cepat.
Secara garis besar ada tiga jalur strategi hilirisasi minyak sawit di dalam negeri yakni (1) Jalur Hilirisasi Oleofood (minyak goreng, margarin, specialty fat dan oleopangan lainnya); (2) Jalur Hilirisasi Oleokimia untuk menghasilkan produk yang lebih hilir seperti surfactant, lubricant dan lain-lain dan (3) Jalur Hilirisasi Biodiesel untuk menghasilkan energi nabati berbasis sawit (fatty acid methyl ester) sebagai subsitusi energi fosil. Melalui berbagai jalur hilirisasi tersebut diharapkan akan diperoleh produk-produk hilir sawit yang lebih memiliki nilai tambah.
Menurut data Tabel Input-Output Indonesia, nilai tambah industri minyak sawit telah mengalami pertumbuhan dari tahun ke tahun (Gambar). Pertumbuhan nilai tambah terjadi pada perkebunan kelapa sawit maupun industri hilir minyak sawit. Diperkirakan pertumbuhan nilai tambah tersebut akan makin cepat dan luas akibat percepatan hilirisasi minyak sawit dan peningkatan produktivitas perkebunan kelapa sawit yang sedang berlangsung.
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