Logo PASPI Indonesia 2023 | W-BG
Back to Top
Rating & Comment

Advantages and Innovations in The Utilization Of Oil Palm Biomass Turning “Waste” Into “Gold”

  • First Published : Juli 16, 2025 11:29 am
  • Last Update : September 3, 2025 12:02 pm
Dr. Ir. Tungkot Sipayung
JOURNAL AUTHOR

Dr. ir. tungkot sipayung

Executive Director at PASPI

Dr. Ir. Tungkot Sipayung is a seasoned professional in the palm oil industry with over 23 years of experience. Currently serving as Executive Director of PASPI, he is a recognized leader and expert in the development of agribusiness strategies. Under his leadership, PASPI continues to drive growth, innovation, and sustainability in the industry.

Author Bio
Bagikan Jurnal
CITE THIS JOURNAL ARTICLE
PASPI. (2025). Advantages and Innovations in The Utilization Of Oil Palm Biomass Turning “Waste” Into “Gold”. JOURNAL ANALYSIS OF PALM OIL STRATEGIC ISSUES. V(03). https://palmoilina.asia/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ADVANTAGES-AND-INNOVATIONS-IN-THE-UTILIZATION-OF-OIL-PALM-BIOMASS-TURNING-WASTE-INTO-GOLD.pdf
PASPI. Advantages and Innovations in The Utilization Of Oil Palm Biomass Turning “Waste” Into “Gold”. JOURNAL ANALYSIS OF PALM OIL STRATEGIC ISSUES. 2025;V(03):%page_number%. Available from: https://palmoilina.asia/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ADVANTAGES-AND-INNOVATIONS-IN-THE-UTILIZATION-OF-OIL-PALM-BIOMASS-TURNING-WASTE-INTO-GOLD.pdf.
PASPI. "Advantages and Innovations in The Utilization Of Oil Palm Biomass Turning “Waste” Into “Gold”." JOURNAL ANALYSIS OF PALM OIL STRATEGIC ISSUES, vol. V, 2025, pp. %page_number%. https://palmoilina.asia/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ADVANTAGES-AND-INNOVATIONS-IN-THE-UTILIZATION-OF-OIL-PALM-BIOMASS-TURNING-WASTE-INTO-GOLD.pdf. Diakses Pada : .

TLDR

Indonesia’s palm biomass holds immense potential for circular economy transformation, with the ability to generate 8–9 times higher added value through downstream technology innovation. This aligns with green energy policies and creates new downstream industry opportunities.

Indonesia’s palm biomass has become a strategic focus in national green energy policy, particularly amid international pressure to achieve circular and sustainable economic targets. With oil palm plantations spanning 16.8 million hectares in 2025, the country’s biomass production potential reaches 261.7 million tons of dry matter annually. This positions Indonesia as the world’s largest palm biomass producer, opening new downstream industry opportunities that can transform rural economies through palm solid waste utilization.

The urgency to harness palm biomass is growing in line with global renewable energy policies, including the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and the US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), both of which encourage second-generation bioenergy as a sustainable solution. In this context, palm biomass offers unique competitive advantages compared to other renewable energy sources—namely year-round availability, low production costs, and minimal environmental impact.

Why Is Palm Biomass a Priority in Indonesia’s Green Energy Policy?

Palm biomass is a priority for Indonesia’s green energy strategy due to five main competitive strengths. First, it is a joint product of palm oil production, ensuring guaranteed availability as long as plantations operate. Second, it is produced in large volumes year-round, concentrated around palm oil mills (PKS), which lowers collection costs. Third, production costs remain low since it is part of palm oil’s production cycle. Fourth, palm biomass acts as a carbon sink, with zero or low carbon emissions. Fifth, its use in second-generation bioenergy avoids the food-versus-fuel conflict.

biomassa sawit
Figure 1. Biomass Production (in Dry Matter) from Indonesia’s Oil Palm Plantations

With an annual production potential of 261.7 million tons, palm biomass can serve as a backbone for Indonesia’s renewable energy development. The downstreaming of palm biomass aligns with global commitments to reduce carbon emissions and fossil fuel dependency. Beyond strengthening energy security, this approach creates new economic opportunities in the downstream industry.

How Is Technology Innovation Turning Palm Solid Waste Into Downstream Industry Opportunities?

Technological innovation has unlocked more advanced uses of palm biomass, far beyond traditional applications like fertilizer or boiler fuel. The Palm Oil Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS), through its Palm Research Grant (GRS) program, has facilitated pioneering research to extract higher value from empty fruit bunches, shells, and fronds.

Peningkatan Nilai Tambah pada Hilirisasi Biomassa Sawit
Figure 2. Value-Added Enhancement in Palm Biomass Downstreaming (Source: Ministry of Industry, 2025)

Key breakthroughs include bioethanol, biopolymers, bioplastics, glucose, and organic acids from empty fruit bunches. Palm shells have been transformed into construction materials such as PalmCrete® and electrode materials for supercapacitors. Palm fronds have been used to produce bio-crude oil and methanol. Additional research explores products such as mycelium-based leather for fashion, cellulose-based hydrogels, and aerogel materials.

These innovations mark a paradigm shift: palm biomass is no longer seen as “waste” but as a valuable resource. Through thermochemical, biological, chemical, and physical processes, palm biomass can be converted into environmentally friendly, high-value products.

What Are the Challenges in Implementing Palm Biomass Utilization Policy?

Despite its vast potential, several challenges hinder palm biomass utilization. Many innovations remain at the research and development stage and require significant investment to scale up for industrial use. Supporting infrastructure for biomass collection, transportation, and processing in rural areas also needs improvement.

Policy coordination among government institutions and private stakeholders is another challenge. Building markets for new downstream products is equally crucial, as many are still emerging and require market education. Addressing these issues calls for multi-stakeholder collaboration and consistent policy support to unlock palm biomass as Indonesia’s “new gold.”

Conclusion

As the world’s largest palm oil producer, Indonesia has abundant palm biomass resources. Through technological innovation, this biomass can be transformed from “waste” into “gold,” generating significant economic value and advancing the circular economy. By overcoming implementation challenges, Indonesia can solidify its leadership in renewable energy and sustainable development.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by the Palm Oil Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDP) in the preparation of this journal article.

To access the original journal article, you can download the file by clicking the button below.

References

  1. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202015.pdf 
  2. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2016: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202016.pdf 
  3. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202018.pdf 
  4. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202019.pdf 
  5. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2020: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202020.pdf 
  6. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2021: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202021.pdf 
  7. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2022: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202022.pdf 
  8. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2023: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/E-BOOK%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN/Buku%20Ringkasan%20GRS%202023.pdf  
  9. [BPDPKS] Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. https://www.bpdp.or.id/uploads/Riset/2024%20E-Book%20-%20GRANT%20RISET%20SAWIT.pdf 
  10. [PASPI] Palm Oil Agribusiness Strategic Policy Institute. 2023. Mitos dan Fakta Industri Minyak Sawit Indonesia dalam Isu Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Global. Edisi Keempat. Bogor (ID): PASPI. 
  11. Aditiawati P, Prakoso T, Dungani R, Fitriyanti M, Priharto N, Mutsla D. 2024. Optimasi Komposisi Substrat Fermentasi Berbasis Limbah Biomassa Tanaman Kelapa Sawit untuk Memproduksi Biomassa Miselium Sebagai Produk Biomaterial (Catalytic Esterification of Glycerol and Gondurukem for the Production of Road Marking and Adhesive Mixtures. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  12. Aditiawati P, Prakoso T, Dungani R, Fitriyanti M, Priharto N, Mutsla D. 2023. Optimasi Komposisi Substrat Fermentasi Berbasis Limbah Biomassa Tanaman Kelapa Sawit untuk Memproduksi Biomassa Miselium Sebagai Produk Biomaterial. Grant Riset Sawit 2023: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  13. Ahmad, Sultan AZ, Nur R, Gustiono D, Roseno S, Rahman S. 2024. Pengembangan Komposit Campuran (Hybrid) Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan Glass yang Diperkuat Poliester untuk Aplikasi Plafon Rumah. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  14. Astutiningsih S, Handika N, Sentosa BOB, Adhiraga M, Dhini A, Wulandari D. 2023. Palmcrete (Beton Sawit): Pemanfaatan (Upcycle) Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Palm Kernel Shell) sebagai Agregat Beton Ringan Menuju Ekonomi Sirkular. Grant Riset Sawit 2023: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  15. Astutiningsih S, Handika N, Sentosa BOB, Adhiraga M, Dhini A, Wulandari D. 2022. Palmcrete (Beton Sawit): Pemanfaatan (Upcycle) Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Palm Kernel Shell) sebagai Agregat Beton Ringan Menuju Ekonomi Sirkular. Grant Riset Sawit 2022: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  16. Bindar Y, Zunita M, Irawan A. 2015. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Minyak Mentah Nabati Pirolisis (Bio-Crude Oil) Berbahan Baku Limbah Biomassa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  17. Bindar Y, Zunita M, Irawan A. 2018. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Minyak Mentah Pirolisis Biomassa (Bio-Crude Oil), Bioa-Char, dan Bio-Pyrolysis Gas Berbahan Baku Limbah Biomassa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  18. Bindar Y, Zunita M, Irawan A. 2019. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Minyak Mentah Nabati Pirolisis (Bio-Crude Oil) Berbahan Baku Limbah Biomassa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  19. Budhi YW, Judawisastra H, Iskandar F, Suendo V. 2016. Pembuatan Biomaterial Maju Cellulose Nano Crystallines (CNC) dari Tandan Kelapa Sawit sebagai Material Penyangga Katalis Pt/Rh/Ce untuk Konverter Katalitik. Grant Riset Sawit 2016: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  20. Dimawarnita F, Suharyanto, Marsudi S, Perwitasari U. 2016. Pemanfaatan Total Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit dalam Rantai Industri Pertanian dan Pangan: Produksi Enzim Ligninolitik, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CmC), Jamur Konsumsi, dan Pupuk Organik. Grant Riset Sawit 2016: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  21. Dina SF, Ginting TP, Hutajulu PE, Indriati L, Sitinjak M, Saragih G, Fernandez BR, Pratikha RS, Silalahi M. 2024. Aplikasi Biodegradable Polimer Sintetik pada Pembuatan Paperbag dari Pulp Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk Kemasan Pembibitan. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  22. Erwinsyah. 2019. Kajian Pengembangan Pabrik Kayu Sawit Hasil Peremajaan dengan Teknologi Sandwich Laminated Lumber. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  23. Foo-Yuen N, Foong–Kheong Y, Y Basiron, K Sundram. 2011. A Renewable Future Driven with Malaysian Palm Oil-based Green Technology. Journal of Oil Palm & The Environment. 2:1-7.
  24. Gozan M, Harahap AFP. 2018. Pengembangan Konsep Biorefinery: Furfural, Asam Levulinat, dan Bioetanol Berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  25. Gozan M, Harahap AFP. 2019. Pengembangan Konsep Biorefinery: Furfural, Asam Levulinat, dan Bioetanol Berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  26. Hariz HB, Zaidi SAS. Luthfi AAI, Bukhari N, Sajab MS, Markom M, Harun S, Tan JP, Ding GT, Abdul PM. Succinic Acid Production from Oil Palm Biomass: A Prospective Plastic Pollution Solution. Fermentation. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010046 
  27. Hau EH, Teh SS, Yeo SK, Chua BL, Mah SH. 2022. Transformation of Oil Palm Biomass into Value-Added Components. Reviews in Agricultural Science. 10: 36–55. https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.10.0_36
  28. Isroi, Cifriadi A, Saptohadi A, Panji T. 2018. Produksi Bioplastik Berbasis Glyserol dari Minyak Sawit dan Nano-Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  29. Isroi, Rahman A, Syamsu K. 2019. Produksi Bioplastik dari Selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  30. Kementerian Perindustrian RI. 2025. Kebijakan Pengembangan Industri Bahan Bakar Nabati; Siprosatu Untuk Mendukung Iklim Usaha Industri Hilir Kelapa Sawit,termasuk Industri bahan Bakar Nabati, dan Membantu lmplementasi ISPO HILIR (sesuai Perpres 16/2025). Materi Paparan pada Seminar Peluang dan Tantangan Industri Bioenergi Menyongsong Indonesia Emas 2045 oleh APROBI (Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel Indonesia) di Jakarta pada tanggal 17 Juli 2025.
  31. Kismanto A, et.al. 2023. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Carbon Black dari Biomassa Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2023: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  32. Kismanto A, et.al. 2024. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Carbon Black dari Biomassa Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  33. Masruchin N, Burhani D. 2022. Pengembangan Nanoselulosa dari Serat Pulp Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Agen Pickering-Emulsion (Nirsurfaktan) Kemasan Pangan Aktif dan Bahan
  34. Superhidrofobik Aerogel Penyerap Minyak. Grant Riset Sawit 2022: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  35. Nabila R, Hidayat W, Haryanto A, Hasanuddin U, Iryani DA, Lee S, Kim S, Kim S, Chun D, Choi H, Im H, Lim J, Kim K, Jun D, Moon J, Yoo J. 2023. Oil palm biomass in Indonesia: Thermochemical upgrading and its utilization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 176: 113193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113193 
  36. Naik SN, VV Goud, PK Rout, AK Dalai. 2010. Production of First- and Second-Generation Biofuels: A Comprehensive Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 14: 578-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.003
  37. Nikmatin S, Irmansyah, Hermawan B. 2022. Inovasi Benang dan Kain dari Biomass Sawit untuk Aplikasi Produk Industri Kreatif Fashion. Grant Riset Sawit 2022: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  38. Nikmatin S, Irmansyah, Irwanto DAY. 2018. Optimasi Hingga Implementasi Pengolahan Limbah Padat Sawit sebagai Material Filler Polimer Aplikasi Komponen Otomotif dan Bahan Anti Peluru untuk Diversifikasi Produk. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  39. Nikmatin S, Irmansyah, Irwanto DAY. 2019. Optimasi Hingga Implementasi Pengolahan Limbah Padat Sawit sebagai Material Filler Polimer Aplikasi Komponen Otomotif dan Bahan Anti Peluru untuk Diversifikasi Produk. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  40. Nugraha AF, Chalid M, Husnil YA, Pangesty AI, Ghozali M, Faramitha Y, Dimawarnita F. 2024. Aplikasi Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Berbahan TKKS sebagai Bahan Konstruksi Ramah Lingkungan untuk Perumahan. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  41. Panji T, Marsudi S, Dimawarnita F, Perwitasari U, Suharyanto. 2019. Pemanfaatan Total Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit dalam Rantai Industri Pertanian dan Pangan: Produksi Enzim Ligninolitik, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CmC), Jamur Konsumsi, dan Pupuk Organik. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  42. Panji T, Marsudi S, Dimawarnita F, Perwitasari U, Suharyanto. 2018. Pemanfaatan Total Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit dalam Rantai Industri Pertanian dan Pangan: Produksi Enzim Ligninolitik, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CmC), Jamur Konsumsi, dan Pupuk Organik. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  43. PASPI Monitor. 2021. Minyak Sawit dan Isu Food-Fuel Trade Off. Palm O’ Journal Analisis Isu Strategis Sawit. 2(8): 321-326. https://palmoilina.asia/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2.8.-MINYAK-SAWIT-DAN-ISU-FOOD-FUEL-TRADE-OFF-.pdf 
  44. PASPI Monitor. 2023a. COP-28 Dubai Summit, Emisi Energi Fosil, dan Bioenergi Sawit. Journal of Analysis Palm Oil Strategic Issues. 4(14): 833-840. https://palmoilina.asia/jurnal-kelapa-sawit/jalur-biofuel-complex-sawit/ 
  45. PASPI Monitor. 2023b. Keunggulan Perkebunan Sawit dalam Carbon Sink & Produksi Minyak Hemat Emisi. Journal of Analysis Palm Oil Strategic Issues. 4(15): 841-848. https://palmoilina.asia/jurnal-kelapa-sawit/sawit-dalam-carbon-sink/ 
  46. PASPI Monitor. 2024. 3 in 1: Perkebunan Sawit Produksi Minyak Nabati, Biomassa, dan Jasa Lingkungan. Journal of Analysis Palm Oil Strategic Issues. 4(16): 849-854. https://palmoilina.asia/jurnal-kelapa-sawit/3-in-1-minyak-sawit-biomassa/ 
  47. PASPI Monitor. 2025. Inovasi Diversifikasi Bioenergi Berbasis Sawit untuk Substitusi Energi Fosil. Journal of Analysis Palm Oil Strategic Issues. 5(2): 9-20. https://palmoilina.asia/jurnal-kelapa-sawit/bioenergi-berbasis-sawit/ 
  48. Prakoso T, Nurdin I, Devianto H, Widiatmoko P. 2015. Pembuatan Nanokarbon Aktif untuk Superkapasitor dari Limbah Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  49. Prakoso T, Nurdin I, Devianto H, Widiatmoko P. 2019. Peningkatan Rendemen Nanokarbon Aktif untuk Elektroda Superkapasitor dari Limbah Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  50. Prakoso T, Nurdin I, Devianto H, Widiatmoko P. 2021. Pembuatan Purwarupa Superkapasitor dari Limbah Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2021: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  51. Raksodewanto A, Kismanto A,Peryoga MDSY, Wijono A, Riza, Widjatmoko KA, Nurayadi AP, Sumbogo SD, Adiarso, Dwiratna B, Nasiri SJA. 2015. Pengembangan Industri Bahan Bakar Minyak Berbahan Baku Biomassa dari Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  52. Rasrendra CB, Sasongko D, Kariem MA, Rizkiana J, Winoto HP. 2018. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Bio-Aromatik dan Bio-Btx Berbahan Mentah Tandan Kosong Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2018: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  53. Rasrendra CB, Sasongko D, Kariem MA, Rizkiana J, Winoto HP. 2019. Pengembangan Lanjut Teknologi Produksi Bio-Aromatik dan Biobtx Berbahan Mentah Tandan Kosong Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  54. Rasrendra CB, Sasongko D, Kariem MA, Rizkiana J. 2016. Pengembangan Teknologi Produksi Bio-Aromatik dan Bio-Btx Berbahan Mentah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Grant Riset Sawit 2016: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  55. Septiningrum K, Azkiya AC, Merdekawati NA, Fauzi MI, Nugroho AF, Suharman, Purwadi R, Kresnowati, Rasrendra CB. 2024. Optimalisasi Teknologi Fraksionasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit pada Skala Pilot. Grant Riset Sawit 2024: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  56. Septiningrum K, Mariyana R, Azkiya AC, Nugroho Y, Antara NT, Kustanto H, Hasanah F, Nobel CH, Purwadi R, Kresnowati. 2021. Pengembangan Teknologi Proses Produksi Pengolahan Tandan Kosong Sawit Menjadi Glukosa pada Skala Pilot dan Teknologi Proses Terintegrasi Produksi Glukosa, Xilosa, dan Lignin Skala Lab. Grant Riset Sawit 2021: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  57. Setiadi T, Meilany D, Kresnowati. 2015. Rekayasa Proses Hidrolisis Tandan Kosong Sawit untuk Produksi Green Xylitol. Grant Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  58. Setiadi T, Meilany D, Kresnowati. 2019. Rekayasa Proses Hidrolisis Tandan Kosong Sawit untuk Produksi Green Xylitol. Grant Riset Sawit 2019: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  59. Setyaningsih D, Uju, Muna N. 2016. Sintesis Nano Crystalin Cellulose (NCC) Ramah Lingkungan dari Biomassa Sawit dan Aplikasinya. Grant Riset Sawit 2016: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  60. Singh S, Nara R, Yadav M, Sharma C, Agrawal S, Kumar A. 2025. Oil Palm Biomass: A Potential Feedstock for Lignocellulolytic Enzymes and Biofuels Production. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 32(19): 11791–11814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36379-3 
  61. Sitompul J, Wibowo A, Rasrendra CB, Pramudita D. 2015. Pengembangan Proses dan Produksi Biomatrial dari TKS (Tandan Kosong Sawit) untuk Bahan Pembungkus yang Ramah Lingkungan. Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  62. Sriyanti I, Jauhari J, Marlina L, Ariska M, Sajaya R, Almafie R. 2020. Pengembangan Teknologi Dan Produksi Biomaterial Maju Carbon Nanofiber (CNF) Berkekuatan Mekanik Tinggi dari Limbah Cangkang Kelapa Sawit yang Ramah Lingkungan dan Prosfektif. Grant Riset Sawit 2020: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  63. Susanto H, Ardy A, Yuono, Pranobo SH, Prasetyo JL. 2015. Konversi Limbah Padat Sawit Menjadi Metanol dan Dimetil-Eter melalui Proses Gasifikasi (Biomass to Liquid). Grant Riset Sawit 2015: Ringkasan Penelitian. Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.
  64. Thomas S, Andres. 2021. Biomass from Palm Oil Waste as a Renewable Energy Source with Community Benefits. International Journal Papier Advance and Scientific Review. 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47667/ijpasr.v2i1.79 
Bagikan Jurnal
0 0 votes
Berikan Rating Untuk Artikel Ini
Subscribe
Notify of
guest
0 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
0
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
()
x